老薛侃英语语法106：省略（1）

老薛 老薛讲英语 2019-09-01 19:17

英语中的省略现象可以概括为一句话：任何成分都有省略，实词虚词都能省略。为便于理解，我们将省略分为三种：同源省略、语境省略和特殊省略。

本节来讲同源省略。同源省略指的是被省略的部分可以在上下文中找到，可以承前省略，也可以承后省略。

一、并列句中的省略。举例：

I like action movies but don't like thrillers. (= ... but I don't like thrillers.) 我喜欢动作片，但不喜欢惊悚片。

My father is a doctor, and my mother a nurse. (= ..., and my mother is a nurse.) 我爸爸是医生，我妈妈是护士。

I understand but don't agree with him. (= I understand him but don't agree with him.) 我理解他的意思，但不赞成他的说法。

He likes English, so do I. (= ..., so do I like English.) 他喜爱英语，我也是。

二、问答中的省略。举例：

—— Do you love him? 你爱他吗？

—— Yes, I do. (=Yes, I love him.) 是的，我爱。

—— Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗？

—— I think so. (= I think I understand what you mean.) 我觉得我明白。

—— Is she feeling better today? 她今天好些了吗？

—— I'm afraid not. (= I'm afraid she isn't feeling better today.) 恐怕没有。

三、主从复合句中的省略。举例：

I studied at Cambridge at the same time as he did. (= I studied at Cambridge at the same time as he studied at Cambridge.) 我和他同一时间在剑桥大学学习。

He is taller than I am. (= He is taller than I am tall.) 他比我高。

I refuse, however favorable the conditions. (= however favorable the conditions are.) 不管条件多么优越，我都不干。（whatever 或 however 引导的让步状语从句中可以省略连系动词）

If you need any of that firewood, I can give you plenty. (=... I can give you plenty of that firewood) 如果你需要这柴火，我可以给你很多。

四、不定式的省略。举例：

If you want me to, I will buy the tickets. (= If you want me to buy the tickets, ...) 如果你想让我买票的话，我就买。