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老薛侃英语语法99:分词用作状语 老薛 老薛讲英语 2019-08-16 21:55 |
现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)都有副词性质,可以在句中充当状语,表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式或伴随状况等。
一、分词充当状语时,分词的逻辑主语一般要和句子主语保持一致。
分词充当状语可视为状语从句的简化版,前提是状语从句主语和主句主语一致。举例:
1. While I was walking in the street, I saw him.
时间状语从句主语和主句主语都是 I,于是,该句可简化为;
(While) Walking in the street, I saw him. 我走在大街上,看到了他。(现在分词短语作时间状语)
2. Because he was caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
原因状语从句主语和主句主语都是 he,于是,该句可简化为:
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 淋了一场大雨,他浑身都湿透了。(过去分词短语作原因状语)
二、悬垂分词
1. 一般的悬垂分词是指分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致或在句中无法找到,因而被认为是错误的句子。举例:
Looking out of the window, there are a lot of mountains. 错句
2. 某些悬垂分词的逻辑主语虽然不是句子主语,但在下列情况下也是可以被接受的。举例:
Walking or sleeping, this subject was always in my mind. 不论走路还是睡觉,我总想着这个问题。(分词的逻辑主语是 my)
Using the electric energy, it is necessary to change its form. 我们使用电能时必须改变其形状。(分词的逻辑主语是泛指代词“我们”)
3. 有些约定俗成的分词短语可视为独立状语成分,无需考虑其与逻辑主语的主动或被动关系,常见的独立成分有:
generally (strictly, etc.) speaking 一般(严格……)来说
judging from / by... 从……来判断
talking of... 说起……
allowing for / considering... 考虑到……
counting... 算上……
assuming / supposing... 假定……
taken as a whole 总的来说
compared with... 与……相比较
举例:
Judging from his accent, he must be from the south. 听他口音,肯定是个南方人。
Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the book. 总的来讲,这本书没有问题。
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