老薛侃英语语法76：限制性定语从句（1）

老薛 老薛讲英语 2019-06-17 17:03

定语从句就是在整句中充当定语的从句，放在被修饰的名词后面，构成后置修饰。被修饰名词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的连词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。

我们先来看限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句意思是定语从句和先行词的修饰关系比较密切。本节先讲关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。

一、先行词是表示人的名词，可以用关系代词（连词） that, who, whom, whose 引导。举例：

1. The man is a doctor. （主句）+ The man was here yesterday. （从句）=

The man that / who was here is a doctor. 昨天在这里的那个人是一名医生。

2. The man is called Smith. （主句）+ I saw the man. （从句）=

The man that / who / whom I saw is called Smith. 我看到的那个人叫史密斯。

3. A child is called an orphan. （主句）+ The child's parents are dead. （从句）=

A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 父母双亡的孩子称为孤儿。

二、先行词是表示物的名词，可以用关系代词（连词）that, which, whose 引导。举例：

1. The letter is very important. （主句）+  I received the letter from him yesterday. （从句）=

The letter that / which I received from him yesterday is very important. 我昨天收到的那封他的来信很重要。

2. I'd like a room. （主句）+ The window of the room looks out over the sea. （从句）=

I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个面朝大海的房间。

三、先行词是介词的宾语，可以将介词置于关系代词前，但关系代词不能用 that；如果先行词是人，则必须用 whom。举例：

This is the book. （主句）+ You asked for the book. （从句）=