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老薛侃英语语法30:现在完成时老薛讲英语 2019-02-23 21:27 |
现在完成时的动作时间是现在,动作状态是完成,“完成”二字意味着:动作是过去开始的,到现在已经完成,或者还要继续持续下去。所以,现在完成时的难点在于将过去和现在糅合在一起,意思是“到现在为止已经做完了某事或还要持续做某事”。学习该时态的重点在于:区分现在完成时和一般过去时。 动词构成:have/has + 过去分词(大部分动词词尾加 ed,少数动词有不规则变化,见老薛侃英语语法附录2),其中,has 是第三人称单数形式。注意:口语中还可以用 have/has got + 过去分词。 否定式:have not (haven't)/has not (hasn't) + 过去分词 疑问式:将 have/has 置于主语前。
一、现在完成时基本用法:现在完成时与一般过去时区别。 一般过去时仅仅是陈述过去的事实,而现在完成时的着眼点是现在。 1. 看时间状语 仅用于一般过去时的时间状语,如 three days ago, yesterday, last week, in 2018 等纯粹表示过去的时间。 仅用于现在完成时的时间状语,如 by the end of this year, since 1885, so far, before 等时间。 2. 看是否对现在造成影响(如果时间状语不出现,或出现一般过去时和现在完成时通用的时间状语),举例: I went to Beijing. 我去过北京。(仅讲述过去的事实) I have been to Beijing. 我去过北京。(意思是我现在对北京很了解) 注意:have gone to some place 指去了某地,尚未回来;have been to some place 指去了某地,已经回来。
二、延续性动词的现在完成时态可表示动作的持续或反复,举例: I have lived in Shanghai for more than 20 years. 我已经在上海住了 20 多年了。
老薛侃英语语法附录2:主要动词过去分词的不规则变化老薛讲英语 2019-02-23 21:27
依首字母排序(采用动词原形——过去时——过去分词模式): am/is - was - been(是) are - were - been(是) awake - awoke - awoken(觉醒) bear - bore - born(生孩子,忍受) beat - beat - beaten(打) become - became - become(变成) begin - began - begun(开始) bite - bit - bitten(咬) blow - blew - blown(吹) break - broke - broken(打破) bring - brought - brought(带来) build - built - built(建造) burn - burnt/burned - burnt/burned(燃烧) buy - bought - bought(买) catch - caught - caught(抓住) choose - chose - chosen(选择) come - came - come (来) cost - cost - cost(花费) cut - cut - cut (切割) do - did - done(做) draw - drew - drawn(画画,拉) dream - dreamed/dreamt - dreamed/dreamt(做梦) drink - drank - drunk(喝) drive - drove - driven (驾驶) eat - ate - eaten(吃) fall - fell - fallen (落下) feed - fed - fed(喂) feel - felt - felt(感觉,摸) fight - fought - fought(打架) find - found - found(找到,发现) fly - flew - flown(飞) forget - forgot - forgotten(忘记) forgive - forgave - forgiven(原谅) freeze - froze - frozen (结冰,冻僵) get - got - got/gotten(得到,变得) give - gave - given(给) go - went - gone(走,去) grow - grew - grown (生长,种植,变得) hang - hung - hung(悬挂) have - had - had(有) hear - heard - heard(听见) hide - hid - hidden(躲藏) hit - hit - hit(打,击) hold - held - held(拿起,举办) hurt - hurt - hurt(伤害) keep - kept - kept(保持) know - knew - known(知道,认识) lay - laid - laid(放置,下蛋) learn - learnt/learned - learnt/learned(学习) leave - left - left(离开,留下) lend - lent - lent(借给) let - let - let(让) lie - lay - lain(躺着,位于) light - lit - lit(点燃) lose - lost - lost(丢失) make - made - made(制作,使得) mean - meant - meant(意味着) meet - met - met(遇见) pay - paid - paid(付钱) put - put - put(放) read - read - read(读) ride - rode - ridden(骑) ring - rang - rung(鸣响) run - ran - run(跑,开办) rise - rose - risen(升起) say - said - said(说) see - saw - seen(看见) sell - sold - sold(卖) send - sent - sent(寄,送) set - set - set(安放) shake - shook - shaken(摇晃) shine - shone - shone(照耀) show - showed - shown (显示) shut - shut - shut(关闭) sing - sang - sung(唱歌) sink - sank - sunk(下沉) sit - sat - sat(坐) sleep - slept - slept(睡觉) smell - smelt - smelt(闻) speak - spoke - spoken(说话,演讲) spell - spelt - spelt(拼写) spend - spent - spent(花费) spoil - spoilt - spoilt(糟蹋) stand - stood - stood(站,容忍) steal - stole - stolen(偷) sweep - swept - swept(打扫) swim - swam -swum(游泳) take - took - taken(带去) teach - taught - taught(教) tell - told - told(告诉) think - thought - thought(思考,认为) throw - threw - thrown(扔) understand - understood - understood(理解) wake - woke - woken(醒) wear - wore - worn(穿着,戴着) win - won - won(赢) write - wrote - written(写)
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